Instrument – Chapter 1 – Airplane Instruments

Question 1 of 74

1. Question

On the taxi check, the magnetic compass should

swing opposite to the direction of turn when turning from north.
exhibit the same number of degrees of clip as the latitude.
swing freely and indicate known headings.

Question 2 of 74

2. Question

What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard-rate turn to the left from an east heading in the Northern Hemisphere?

The compass will initially indicate a turn to the right.
The compass will remain on east for a short time, then gradually catch up to the magnetic heading of the aircraft.
The compass will indicate the approximate correct magnetic heading if the roll into the turn is smooth.

Question 3 of 74

3. Question

What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard-rate turn to the right from an easterly heading in the Northern Hemisphere?

The compass will initially indicate a turn to the left.
The compass will remain on east for a short time, then gradually catch up to the magnetic heading of the aircraft.
The compass will indicate the approximate correct magnetic heading if the roll into the turn is smooth.

Question 4 of 74

4. Question

What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard-rate turn to the right from a westerly heading in the Northern Hemisphere?

The compass will initially show a turn in the opposite direction, then turn a northerly indication but lagging behind the actual heading of the aircraft.
The compass will remain on a westerly heading for a short time, then gradually catch up to the actual heading of the aircraft.
The compass will indicate the approximate correct magnetic heading if the roll into the turn is smooth.

Question 5 of 74

5. Question

What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the right from a south heading in the Northern Hemisphere?

The compass will indicate a turn to the right, but at a faster rate than is actually occurring.
The compass will initially indicate a turn to the left.
The compass will remain on south for a short time, then gradually catch up to the magnetic heading of the aircraft.

Question 6 of 74

6. Question

On what headings will the magnetic compass read most accurately during a level 360-degree turn, with a bank of approximately 15 degrees?

135 degrees through 225 degrees.
90 degrees and 270 degrees.
180 degrees and 0 degrees.

Question 7 of 74

7. Question

What causes the northerly turning error in a magnetic compass?

Coriolis force at the mid-latitudes.
Centrifugal force acting on the compass card.
The magnetic dip characteristic.

Question 8 of 74

8. Question

What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard-rate turn to the left from a south heading in the Northern Hemisphere?

The compass will indicate a turn to the left, but at a faster rate than is actually occurring.
The compass will initially indicate a turn to the right.
The compass will remain on south for a short time, then gradually catch up to the magnetic heading of the aircraft.

Question 9 of 74

9. Question

What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard-rate turn to the right from a northerly heading in the Northern Hemisphere?

The compass will indicate a turn to the right, but at a faster rate than is actually occurring.
The compass will initially indicate a turn to the right.
The compass will remain on north for a short time, then gradually catch up to the magnetic heading of the aircraft.

Question 10 of 74

10. Question

What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard-rate turn to the left from a west heading in the Northern Hemisphere?

The compass will initially indicate a turn to the right.
The compass will remain on west for a short time, the gradually catch up to the magnetic heading of the aircraft.
The compass will indicate the approximate correct magnetic heading if the roll into the turn is smooth.

Question 11 of 74

11. Question

What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard-rate turn to the left from a north heading in the Northern Hemisphere?

The compass will indicate a turn to the left, but at a faster rate than is actually occurring.
The compass will initially indicate a turn to the right.
The compass will remain on north for a short time, then gradually catch up to the magnetic heading of the aircraft

Question 12 of 74

12. Question

If both the ram air input and the drain hole of the pilot system are blocked, what reaction should you observe on the airspeed indicator when power is applied and a climb is initiated out of severe icing conditions?

The indicated airspeed would show a continuous deceleration while climbing.
The airspeed would drop to, and remain at, zero.
No change until an actual climb rate is established, then indicated airspeed will increase.

Question 13 of 74

13. Question

If, while in level flight, it becomes necessary to use an alternate source of static pressure vented inside the airplane, which of the following variations in instrument indications should the pilot expect?

The altimeter will read lower than normal, airspeed lower than normal, and the VSI will momentarily show a descent.
The altimeter will read higher than normal, airspeed greater than normal, and the VSI will momentarily show a climb.
The altimeter will read lower than normal, airspeed greater than normal, and the VSI will momentarily show a climb and then a descent.

Question 14 of 74

14. Question

During flight, if the pitot tube becomes clogged with ice, which of the following instruments would be affected?

The airspeed indicator only.
The airspeed indicator and the altimeter.
The airspeed indicator, altimeter, and Vertical Speed indicator.

Question 15 of 74

15. Question

If both the ram air input and drain hole of the pitot system become blocked, the indicated airspeed will

increase during a climb.
decrease during a climb.
remain constant regardless of altitude change.

Question 16 of 74

16. Question

If the pitot tube ram air pressure hole and drain hole become obstructed, the airspeed indicator will operate

like an altimeter as the aircraft climbs and descends.
like a very sluggish airspeed indicator lagging all the changes by minutes.
normally due to the static port pressure changes.

Question 17 of 74

17. Question

If the outside air temperature increases during a flight at constant power and at a constant indicated altitude, the true airspeed will

decrease and true altitude will increase.
increase and true altitude will decrease.
increase and true altitude will increase.

Question 18 of 74

18. Question

If, while in level flight, it becomes necessary to use an alternate source of static pressure vented inside the airplane, which of the following should the pilot expect?

The vertical speed to momentarily show a climb.
The gyroscopic instruments to become inoperative.
The altimeter and airspeed indicator to become inoperative.

Question 19 of 74

19. Question

What would be the indication on the VSI during entry into a 500 FPM actual descent from level flight if the static ports were iced over?

The indication would be in reverse of the actual rate of descent (500 FPM climb).
The initial indication would be a climb, then descent at a rate in excess of 500 FPM.
The VSI pointer would remain at zero regardless of the actual rate of descent.

Question 20 of 74

20. Question

If, while in level flight, it becomes necessary to use an alternate source of static pressure vented inside the airplane, which of the following should the pilot expect?

The vertical speed to show a climb.
The vertical speed to momentarily show a descent.
The altimeter to read higher than normal.

Question 21 of 74

21. Question

You check the flight instruments while taxiing and find the vertical speed indicator (VSI) indicates a descent of 100 feet per minute. In this case, you

may not proceed under IFR until the instrument is corrected by an authorized instrument repairman.
may take off under IFR and use 100 feet descent as the zero indication.
may take off and proceed under IFR but only in VFR weather conditions.

Question 22 of 74

22. Question

Pressure altitude is the altitude read on your altimeter when the instrument is adjusted to indicate height above

sea level.
the standard datum plane.
ground level.

Question 23 of 74

23. Question

How should you preflight check the altimeter prior to an IFR flight?

Set the altimeter to the current temperature. With current temperature and the altimeter indication, determine the calibrated altitude to compare with the field elevation.
Set the altimeter first with 29.92" Hg and then the current altimeter setting. The change in altitude should correspond to the change in setting.
Set the altimeter to the current altimeter setting. The indication should be within 75 feet of the actual elevation for acceptable accuracy.

Question 24 of 74

24. Question

The local altimeter setting should be used by all pilots in a particular area, primarily to provide for

the cancellation of altimeter error due to nonstandard temperatures aloft.
better vertical separation of aircraft.
more accurate terrain clearance in mountainous areas.

Question 25 of 74

25. Question

If you are departing from an airport where you cannot obtain an altimeter setting, you should set your altimeter

on 29.92 inches Hg.
on the current airport barometric pressure, if known.
to the airport elevation.

Question 26 of 74

26. Question

Which altitude is indicated when the altimeter is set to 29.92″ Hg?

Density.
Pressure.
Standard.

Question 27 of 74

27. Question

Altimeter setting is the value to which the scale of the pressure altimeter is set so the altimeter indicates

pressure altitude at sea level.
true altitude at field elevation.
pressure altitude at field elevation.

Question 28 of 74

28. Question

While you are flying at FL 250, you hear ATC give an altimeter setting of 28.92″ Hg in your area. At what pressure altitude are you flying?

24,000 feet.
25,000 feet.
26,000 feet.

Question 29 of 74

29. Question

The pressure altitude at a given location is indicated on the altimeter after the altimeter is set to

the field elevation.
29.92" Hg.
the current altimeter setting.

Question 30 of 74

30. Question

How can you determine the pressure altitude on an airport without a tower or FSS?

Set the altimeter to 29.92" Hg and read the altitude indicated.
Set the altimeter to the current altimeter setting of a station within 100 miles and correct this indicated altitude with local temperature.
Use your computer and correct the field elevation for temperature.

Question 31 of 74

31. Question

How can you obtain the pressure altitude on flights below 18,000 feet?

Set your altimeter to 29.92" Hg and read the pressure altitude on the instrument face.
Set your altimeter to the field elevation and read the pressure altitude from the Kollsman window.
Contact an ATC facility FSS and request the current pressure altitude for the area.

Question 32 of 74

32. Question

At an altitude of 6,500 feet MSL, the current altimeter setting is 30.42″ Hg. The pressure altitude would be approximately

7,500 feet.
6,000 feet.
6,500 feet.

Question 33 of 74

33. Question

How does a pilot normally obtain the current altimeter setting during an IFR flight in Class E airspace below 18,000 feet?

The pilot should contact ARTCC at least every 100 NM and request the altimeter setting.
FSS's along with the route broadcast the weather information at 15 minutes past the hour.
ATC periodically advises the pilot of the proper altimeter setting.

Question 34 of 74

34. Question

What is the procedure for setting the altimeter when assigned an IFR altitude of 18,000 feet or higher on a direct flight off airways?

Set the altimeter to 29.92" Hg before takeoff.
Set the altimeter to the current altimeter setting until reaching the assigned altitude, then set to 29.92" Hg.
Set the altimeter to the current reported setting for climb-out and 29.92" Hg upon reaching 18,000 feet.

Question 35 of 74

35. Question

En route at FL290, your altimeter is set correctly, but you fail to reset it to the local altimeter setting of 30.26″ Hg during descent. If the field elevation is 134 feet and your altimeter is functioning properly, what will it indicate after landing?

100 feet MSL.
474 feet MSL.
206 feet below MSL.

Question 36 of 74

36. Question

Which of the following defines the type of altitude used when maintaining FL 210?

Indicated.
Pressure.
Calibrated.

Question 37 of 74

37. Question

En route at FL 290, the altimeter is set correctly, but not reset to the local altimeter setting of 30.57″ Hg during descent. If the field elevation is 650 feet and the altimeter is functioning properly, what is the approximate indication upon landing?

715 feet.
1,300 feet.
Sea level.

Question 38 of 74

38. Question

Under which condition will pressure altitude be equal to true altitude?

When the atmospheric pressure is 29.92" Hg.
When standard atmospheric conditions exist.
When indicated altitude is equal to the pressure altitude.

Question 39 of 74

39. Question

Under what condition is pressure altitude and density altitude the same value?

At standard temperature.
When the altimeter setting is 29.92" Hg.
When indicated, and pressure altitudes are the same value on the altimeter.

Question 40 of 74

40. Question

Under what condition will true altitude be lower than indicated altitude with an altimeter setting of 29.92″ Hg?

In warmer than standard air temperature.
In colder than standard air temperature.
When density altitude is higher than indicated altitude.

Question 41 of 74

41. Question

Which condition would cause the altimeter to indicate a lower altitude than actually flown (true altitude)?

Air temperature lower than standard.
Atmospheric pressure lower than standard.
Air temperature warmer than standard.

Question 42 of 74

42. Question

When an altimeter is changed from 30.11″ Hg to 29.92″ Hg, in which direction will the indicated altitude change and by what value?

Altimeter will indicate 15 feet lower.
Altimeter will indicate 150 feet lower.
Altimeter will indicate 150 feet higher.

Question 43 of 74

43. Question

Which practical test should e made on the electric gyro instruments prior to starting an engine?

Check that the electrical connections are secure on the back of the instruments.
Check that the altitude of the miniature aircraft is wings level before turning on electrical power.
Turn on the electrical power and listen for an unusual or irregular mechanical noise.

Question 44 of 74

44. Question

One characteristic that a properly functioning gyro depends upon for operation is the

ability to resist precession 90° to any applied force.
resistance to deflection of the spinning wheel or disc.
deflecting force developed from the angular velocity of the spinning wheel.

Question 45 of 74

45. Question

What pre-takeoff check should be made of a vacuum-driven heading indicator in preparation for an IFR flight?

After 5 minutes, set the indicator to the magnetic heading of the aircraft and check for proper alignment after taxi turns.
After 5 minutes, check that the heading indicator card aligns itself with the magnetic heading of the aircraft.
Determine that the heading indicator does not precess more than 2° in 5 minutes of ground operation.

Question 46 of 74

46. Question

What pre-takeoff check should be made of the altitude indicator in preparation for an IFR flight?

The horizon bar does not vibrate during warmup.
The miniature airplane should erect and become stable within 5 minutes.
The horizon bar should erect and become stable within 5 minutes.

Question 47 of 74

47. Question

Which condition during taxi is an indication that an altitude indicator is unreliable?

The horizon bar tilts more than 5° while making taxi turns.
The horizon bar vibrates during warmup.
The horizon bar does not align itself with the miniature airplane after warmup.

Question 48 of 74

48. Question

During coordinated turns, which force moves the pendulous vanes of a vacuum-driven altitude indicator resulting in precession of the gyro toward the inside of the turn?

Acceleration.
Deceleration.
Centrifugal.

Question 49 of 74

49. Question

If a 180° steep turn is made to the right and the aircraft is rolled out to straight-and-level flight by visual references, the altitude indicator

should immediately show straight-and-level flight.
may show a slight climb and turn.
show a slight skid and climb to the right.

Question 50 of 74

50. Question

During normal coordinated turns, what error due to precession should you observe when rolling out to straight-and-level flight from a 180° steep turn to the right?

A straight-and-level coordinated flight indication.
The miniature aircraft would show a slight turn indication to the left.
The miniature aircraft would show a slight descent and wings-level altitude.

Question 51 of 74

51. Question

During normal operation of a vacuum-driven altitude indicator, what altitude indication should you see when rolling out from a 180° skidding turn to straight-and-level coordinated flight?

A straight-and-level coordinated flight indication.
A nose-high indication relative to level flight.
The miniature aircraft shows a turn in the direction opposite the skid.

Question 52 of 74

52. Question

Errors in both pitch and bank indication on an altitude indicator are usually at a maximum as the aircraft rolls out of a

180° turn.
270° turn.
360° turn.

Question 53 of 74

53. Question

When an aircraft is decelerated, some attitude indicators will precess and incorrectly indicate a

left turn.
climb.
descent.

Question 54 of 74

54. Question

During normal flight with a vacuum driven attitude indicator, control pressures normally should not move the horizon bar more than

One bar width, with not more than an additional one bar width for normal flight deviations.
One-half bar width, with not more than an additional one bar width for normal flight deviations.
One-half bar width, with not more than an additional one-half bar width for normal flight deviations.

Question 55 of 74

55. Question

When an aircraft is accelerated, some attitude indicators will precess and incorrectly indicate a

climb.
descent.
right turn.

Question 56 of 74

56. Question

Prior to starting an engine, you should check the turn-and-slip indicator to determine if the

needle indication properly corresponds to the angle of the wings or rotors with the horizon.
needle is approximately centered and the tube is full of fluid.
ball will move freely from one end of the tube to the other when the aircraft is rocked.

Question 57 of 74

57. Question

What indications should you observe on the turn-and-slip indicator during taxi?

The ball moves freely opposite the turn, and the needle deflects in the direction of the turn.
The needle deflects in the direction of the turn, but the ball remains centered.
The ball deflects opposite the turn, but the needle remains centered.

Question 58 of 74

58. Question

What indication should be observed on a turn coordinator during a right turn while taxiing?

The miniature aircraft will show a turn to the left and ball remains centered.
The miniature aircraft will show a turn to the right and the ball moves to the left.
Both the miniature aircraft and the ball will remain centered.

Question 59 of 74

59. Question

What indications are displayed by the miniature aircraft of a turn coordinator?

Rate of roll and rate of turn.
Direct indication of bank angle and pitch attitude.
Indirect indication of bank angle and pitch attitude.

Question 60 of 74

60. Question

What does the miniature aircraft of the turn coordinator directly display?

Rate of roll and rate of turn.
Angle of bank and rate of turn.
Angle of bank.

Question 61 of 74

61. Question

What indication is presented by the miniature aircraft of the turn coordinator?

Indirect indication of the bank attitude.
Direct indication of the bank attitude and the quality of the turn.
Quality of the turn.

Question 62 of 74

62. Question

The displacement of a turn coordinator during a coordinated turn will

indicate the angle of bank.
remain constant for a given bank regardless of airspeed.
increase as angle of bank increases.

Question 63 of 74

63. Question

What indication should be observed on a turn coordinator during a left turn while taxiing?

The miniature aircraft will show a turn to the left and the ball remains centered.
The miniature aircraft will show a turn to the left and the ball moves to the right.
Both the miniature aircraft and the ball will remain centered.

Question 64 of 74

64. Question

What does the miniature aircraft of the turn coordinator display?

The indicator first shows the rate of banking and, once stabilized, the rate of turn.
Indirectly bank angle and then directly rate of turn.
Indirectly bank angle and rate of turn.

Question 65 of 74

65. Question

In a left turn, correct control coordination is indicated by

The ball of the turn coordinator in the center.
The ball of the turn coordinator to the left of center.
The ball of the turn coordinator to the right of center.

Question 66 of 74

66. Question

Which is true of glass cockpits?

They enhance situational awareness.
They require less frequent training.
They give less reliable information to the pilot than traditional instruments.

Question 67 of 74

67. Question

Which display combines instruments such as an altimeter, attitude indicator, and vertical speed indicator onto one given screen?

Multi-function display.
Primary flight display.
Glass cockpit display.

Question 68 of 74

68. Question

Primary flight displays

primarily present terrain avoidance.
provide traffic information.
include instruments like the attitude indicator.

Question 69 of 74

69. Question

In a Technology Advanced Aircraft, the pilot sees the flight instruments on what?

PFD.
AHRS.
MFD.

Question 70 of 74

70. Question

The lighter workloads associated with glass (digital) flight instrumentation

are instrumental in decreasing flightcrew fatigue.
have proven to increase safety in operations.
may lead to complacency by the flightcrew.

Question 71 of 74

71. Question

When a pilot believes advanced avionics enable operations closer to personal or environmental limits,

greater utilization of the aircraft is achieved.
risk is increased.
risk is decreased.

Question 72 of 74

72. Question

The advancement of avionics in light general aviation airplanes has enhanced situational awareness for properly trained pilots. However, there is concern that this technology could lead to

complacency.
fatigue.
resignation.

Question 73 of 74

73. Question

Automation in aircraft has proven

to present new hazards in its limitations.
that automation is basically flawless.
effective in preventing accidents.

Question 74 of 74

74. Question

An aircraft which is equipped with an Electronic Flight Display (EFD) can

compensate for an airman's lack of skill or knowledge.
offer new capabilities and simplify the basic flying task.
improve flight awareness by allowing the pilot to simply watch for alerts.