CFI Aeromedical Factors and Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)

Question 1 of 44

1. Question

Hypoxia is the result of

excessive nitrogen in the bloodstream.
reduced barometric pressures at altitude.
decreasing amount of oxygen as your altitude increases.

Question 2 of 44

2. Question

During a climb to 18,000 feet, the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere

increases.
decreases.
remains the same.

Question 3 of 44

3. Question

What physical change would most likely occur to occupants of an unpressurized aircraft flying above 15,000 feet without supplemental oxygen?

Gases trapped in the body contract and prevent nitrogen from escaping the bloodstream.
The pressure in the middle ear becomes less than the atmospheric pressure in the cabin.
A blue coloration of the lips and fingernails develop along with tunnel vision.

Question 4 of 44

4. Question

Anemic hypoxia has the same symptoms as hypoxic hypoxia, but it is most often a result of

poor blood circulation.
a leaking exhaust manifold.
use of alcohol or drugs before flight.

Question 5 of 44

5. Question

Which statement is true regarding alcohol in the human system?

Alcohol renders a pilot more susceptible to hypoxia.
Small amounts of alcohol will not impair flying skills.
Coffee helps metabolize alcohol and alleviates a hangover.

Question 6 of 44

6. Question

Which statement concerning hypoxia is true?

Belligerence or a false sense of security may be symptoms of hypoxia.
Hypoxia is caused by nitrogen bubbles in the joints and bloodstream.
Forcing oneself to concentrate on the flight instruments will help to overcome the effects of hypoxia.

Question 7 of 44

7. Question

The advantage of experiencing hypoxia in an altitude chamber is

it helps pilots learn to recognize their own symptoms in a controlled environment.
a person will be able to observe many hypoxic symptoms in several people at the same time.
when a person becomes hypoxic, air can quickly be readmitted to the chamber to revive that person.

Question 8 of 44

8. Question

How can smoking affect a pilot?

Can decrease night vision by up to 50 percent.
Reduces the oxygen-carrying capability of the blood.
Creates additional carbon dioxide gases in the body which often leads to hyperventilation.

Question 9 of 44

9. Question

Although not required, supplemental oxygen is recommended for use when flying at night above

5,000 feet.
10,000 feet.
12,500 feet.

Question 10 of 44

10. Question

Rapid or extra deep breathing while using oxygen can cause

cyanosis.
hyperventilation.
a build-up of carbon dioxide in the body.

Question 11 of 44

11. Question

Hyperventilation results in

a lack of carbon dioxide in the body.
a need to increase the flow of supplemental oxygen.
breathing too rapidly causing a lack of oxygen.

Question 12 of 44

12. Question

A person should be able to overcome the symptoms of hyperventilation by

increasing the breathing rate in order to increase lung ventilation.
slowing the breathing rate and increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the body.
refraining from the use of alcohol and over the-counter drugs such as antihistamines and tranquilizers.

Question 13 of 44

13. Question

An illusion, that the aircraft is at a higher altitude than it actually is, is produced by

atmospheric haze.
upsloping terrain.
downsloping terrain.

Question 14 of 44

14. Question

A rapid acceleration can create the illusion of being in a

left turn.
nose up attitude.
nose down attitude.

Question 15 of 44

15. Question

Which procedure is recommended to prevent or overcome spatial disorientation?

Avoid steep turns and rough control movements.
Rely entirely on the indications of the flight instruments.
Reduce head and eye movements to the greatest extent possible.

Question 16 of 44

16. Question

What effect does haze have on the ability to see traffic or terrain features during flight?

Haze causes the eyes to focus at infinity.
The eyes tend to overwork in haze and do not detect relative movement easily.
All traffic or terrain features appear to be farther away than their actual distance.

Question 17 of 44

17. Question

One aid in increasing night vision effectiveness would be to

look directly at objects.
force the eyes to view off center.
increase intensity of interior lighting.

Question 18 of 44

18. Question

Dark adaptation is impaired by exposure to

carbon dioxide.
vitamin A in the diet.
cabin pressure altitudes above 5,000 feet.

Question 19 of 44

19. Question

If an individual has gone scuba diving which has not required a controlled ascent and will be flying to cabin pressure altitudes of 8,000 feet or less, the recommended waiting time is at least

4 hours.
12 hours.
24 hours.

Question 20 of 44

20. Question

If an individual has gone scuba diving which has required a controlled ascent and will be flying to cabin pressure altitudes of 8,000 feet or less, the recommended waiting time is at least

8 hours.
12 hours.
24 hours.

Question 21 of 44

21. Question

Motion sickness is caused by

continued stimulation of the tiny portion of the inner ear which controls sense of balance.
an instability in the brain cells which affects balance and will generally be overcome with experience.
the movement of an aircraft causing the stomach to create an acid substance which causes the stomach lining to contract.

Question 22 of 44

22. Question

What suggestion could you make to students who are experiencing motion sickness?

Recommend taking medication to prevent motion sickness.
Have the students lower their head, shut their eyes, and take deep breaths.
Tell the students to avoid unnecessary head movement and to keep their eyes on a point outside the airplane.

Question 23 of 44

23. Question

In order to gain a realistic perspective on one’s attitude toward flying, a pilot should

understand the need to complete the flight.
obtain both realistic and thorough flight instruction during training.
take a Self-Assessment Hazardous Attitude Inventory Test.

Question 24 of 44

24. Question

The aeronautical decision making (ADM) process identifies several steps involved in good decision making. One of these steps is

making a rational evaluation of the required actions.
identifying personal attitudes hazardous to safe flight.
developing a "can do" attitude.

Question 25 of 44

25. Question

Aeronautical decision making (ADM) can be defined as a

mental process of analyzing all available information in a particular situation, making a timely decision on what action to take, and when to take the action.
decision making process which relies on good judgment to reduce risks associated with each flight.
systematic approach to the mental process used by pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in response to a given set of circumstances.

Question 26 of 44

26. Question

Human behavior

rarely results in accidents unless deliberate actions are performed.
causes three out of four accidents.
is well understood, so behavioral induced accidents are exceedingly rare occurrences.

Question 27 of 44

27. Question

Risk management, as part of the aeronautical decision making (ADM) process, relies on which features to reduce the risks associated with each flight?

Application of stress management and risk element procedures.
The mental process of analyzing all information in a particular situation and making a timely decision on what action to take.
Situational awareness, problem recognition, and good judgment.

Question 28 of 44

28. Question

What are the four fundamental risk elements in the aeronautical decision making (ADM) process that comprise any given aviation situation?

Situational awareness, risk management, judgment, and skill.
Pilot, aircraft, environment, and mission.
Skill, stress, situational awareness, and aircraft.

Question 29 of 44

29. Question

Examples of classic behavioral traps that experienced pilots may fall into are to

promote situational awareness and then necessary changes in behavior.
complete a flight as planned, please passengers, meet schedules, and "get the job done."
assume additional responsibilities and assert PIC authority.

Question 30 of 44

30. Question

All experienced pilots have fallen prey to, or have been tempted by, one or more of these dangerous tendencies or behavior problems at some time in their career. Select the answer that best describes these tendencies.

deficiencies in instrument skills and knowledge of aircraft systems or limitations.
peer pressure, scud running, loss of situational awareness, and operating with inadequate fuel reserves.
performance deficiencies due to stress from human factors such as fatigue, illness, or emotional problems.

Question 31 of 44

31. Question

Hazardous attitudes occur to every pilot to some degree at some time. What are some of these hazardous attitudes?

Antiauthority, impulsivity, macho, resignation, and invulnerability.
Poor situational awareness, snap judgments, and lack of a decision making process.
Poor risk management and lack of stress management.

Question 32 of 44

32. Question

Name some hazardous attitudes that can affect your judgment during the aeronautical decision making (ADM) process.

lmpulsivity, antiestablishment, and reevaluation.
Antiauthority, impulsivity, and resignation.
Peer pressure and stress levels.

Question 33 of 44

33. Question

During a stall recovery, the instructor allows the student to exceed maneuvering speed. Which best illustrates an “antiauthority” reaction by the instructor?

The student should know how to recover from a stall by this time.
The aircraft can handle a lot more than the maneuvering speed.
There hasn't been a problem doing this in the past.

Question 34 of 44

34. Question

In the aeronautical decision making (ADM) process, what is the first step in neutralizing a hazardous attitude?

Recognizing hazardous thoughts.
Recognizing the invulnerability of the situation.
Making a rational judgment.

Question 35 of 44

35. Question

What should a pilot do when recognizing a thought as hazardous?

Correct this hazardous thought by making a thorough risk assessment.
Label the thought as hazardous and then correct that thought by stating the corresponding antidote.
Avoid allowing this hazardous thought to develop.

Question 36 of 44

36. Question

Hazardous attitudes which contribute to poor pilot judgment can be effectively counteracted by

an appropriate antidote.
taking meaningful steps to be more assertive with attitudes.
early recognition of these hazardous attitudes.

Question 37 of 44

37. Question

What is the antidote for a pilot with a “macho” attitude?

I'm not helpless. I can make a difference.
Follow the rules. They are usually right.
Taking chances is foolish.

Question 38 of 44

38. Question

When a pilot believes advanced avionics enable operations closer to personal or environmental limits,

greater utilization of the aircraft is achieved.
risk is increased.
risk is decreased.

Question 39 of 44

39. Question

Success in reducing stress associated with a crisis in the cockpit begins with

eliminating the more serious life and cockpit stress issues.
knowing the exact cause of the stress.
assessing stress areas in one's personal life.

Question 40 of 44

40. Question

To help manage cockpit stress, a pilot should

think of life stress situations that are similar to those in flying.
try to relax and think rationally at the first sign of stress.
avoid situations that will degrade the ability to handle cockpit responsibilities.

Question 41 of 44

41. Question

The DECIDE process consists of six elements to help provide a pilot a logical way of approaching aeronautical decision making. These elements are to

estimate, determine, choose, identify, detect, and evaluate.
determine, evaluate, choose, identify, do, and eliminate.
detect, estimate, choose, identify, do, and evaluate.

Question 42 of 44

42. Question

Automation in aircraft has proven

to present new hazards in its limitations.
that automation is basically flawless.
effective in preventing accidents.

Question 43 of 44

43. Question

When should a flight instructor begin teaching aeronautical decision making (ADM) to a student?

After the student has completed the initial solo flight but before conducting cross country flights.
After the student has completed the initial solo flight but before conducting cross country flights.
As soon as the student is able to control the aircraft during basic maneuvers.

Question 44 of 44

44. Question

The lighter workloads associated with glass (digital) flight instrumentation

are instrumental in decreasing flightcrew fatigue.
have proven to increase safety in operations.
may lead to complacency by the flightcrew.